The space industry faces critical barriers that demand radical innovation: extreme thermal loads at hypersonic speed and atmospheric re-entry, materials that must withstand both intense heat and shear forces, fragile and fragmented supply chains, and tightening regulations.

At the same time, sustainability—fuel efficiency, emissions, and orbital debris—has become a defining challenge.

These obstacles slow down development and drive up costs, but they also create opportunities for breakthrough technologies in thermal management, advanced materials, and systems designed for safe operation under extreme conditions.